Cells have sophisticated methods of sensing stimuli and communicating with nearby cells in response to these stimuli. For example, macrophages can sense environmental stimuli—tissue damage, foreign ...

Autoimmune diseases stem from a complicated interplay of immune dysregulation, characterized by chronic inflammation and the loss of self-tolerance. Cytokines are central to these processes. These ...

Cytokines and their kin, alternatively called interleukins, growth factors, interferons, necrosis factors, and others, are soluble messengers responsible for communication between nearby cells, ...

Under normal conditions, cytokines aid in pathogen recognition and elimination while contributing to immune system homeostasis. When the immune system malfunctions, irregularities in cytokine ...

Cancer immunotherapy is an evolving field of research. Cytokines are a key area of interest in cancer immunotherapy; however, challenges are faced when translating their use from the lab to the clinic ...

Structural equivalence is demonstrated through the comparison of a synthetic multinuclear metal complex (left) versus the designer enzyme in this report (right). A collaborative research team led by ...

People often get immunotherapy as a treatment for cancer. These immunotherapy treatments can be effective, but they may cause your immune system to have an unnatural response. Your body, as a result ...