The immune system can work in two ways: the innate immune system reacts to any foreign invaders that are identified by immune cells that look for such pathogens; but the acquired or adaptive immune ...

A new study on mice reveals how a specific brain circuit helps them learn when a perceived threat is not a real danger, adjusting their defensive reactions over time. The research identifies the ...

This review article describes the complex interactions between genetic factors and the gut microbiome in the context of opioid use behaviors. We tested the inbred High and Low Activity strains of mice ...