A frequency response analyzer ('FRA') is often used to measure gain and phase plots of control loops (Bode plots), filter responses and general frequency domain transfer functions. The FRA generally ...

Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is a technique that measures and displays the impedance of a network (cable, filter, and so on) over time. Traditionally, this is done with a device that generates very ...

Some 30 years ago, my complement of RF test equipment consisted of a General Radio 1606B impedance bridge (GR bridge), a Potomac SD31 synthesizer-detector and a Delta OIB-1 operating impedance bridge.

On visiting a high-performance GaAs fab, I was shown a problem with the measurement system. The on-wafer test system was calibrated using a power meter and on-wafer standards, using the built-in ...