Context. As a star evolves, the planet orbits change with time due to tidal interactions, stellar mass losses, friction and gravitational drag forces, mass accretion and evaporation on/by the planet.

When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. Resonating oscillations of a planet's atmosphere caused by gravitational tides and heating from ...

The story of Earth’s atmospheric oxygenation is one of transformation, shaped by both biological and planetary forces. While scientists have long debated the causes behind the stepwise rise of oxygen, ...

Earth’s rotation is speeding up. This summer, our planet will spin faster than usual, creating the shortest day since records began. Though we cannot sense these changes, they show the forces that ...