“We really don’t respond to the events in our life; we respond to what we say to ourselves about them,” Dr. Phil says. That’s why he says it’s important to test your thinking. “There are four criteria ...

Engaging System 2 requires significant metabolic energy. Your brain consumes a lot of your body’s energy as it is; intense mental concentration burns even more. Because of this, humans are “cognitive ...

Making good decisions is not easy, and making the best possible (“optimal”) decisions is even harder. Instead, humans often use shortcuts and rules of thumb. From firm managers and policymakers to ...