Transverse tubules (T-tubules) play a significant role in muscle contraction. However, the underlying mechanism of their ...

Individual mammalian cells contain billions of protein molecules, which must be synthesized, deployed, and removed with ...

E3 ligases are enzymes that act as molecular "broker" by binding specific target proteins and coordinating the transfer of ubiquitin from an E2 enzyme. As an E3 ligase recognizes only a restricted set ...

Ubiquitin is a small protein consisting of 76 amino acids that binds to lysine residues of substrates, usually by a combination of three enzymes: a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1, two types), a ...

Researchers from Harvard Medical School (HMS) have discovered how a protein called midnolin plays a key role in degrading many short-lived nuclear proteins. Their study showed that midnolin acts by ...