Abstract: This study examined how the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm could be used to improve urban route planning, using a simulation based on the classic Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP).

Sick ant pupae of Lasius neglectus can sense when they’ll die from infection and signal for help, triggering their own destruction to protect the colony—a selfless act studied at IST Austria and the ...

Abstract: The electric vehicle routing problem (EVRP) is a complex logistical challenge that requires optimizing both route planning and charging decisions. Although ant colony optimization (ACO) has ...