During femtosecond laser fabrication, photons are mainly absorbed by electrons, and the subsequent energy transfer from electrons to ions is of picosecond order. Hence, lattice motion is negligible ...
Abstract: Stepper motors, widely used for precise control in robotics and intelligent systems, are vulnerable to intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI), which can disrupt their operation by ...
Abstract: Induction motors are broadly used in various industrial applications due to their durability, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. In agricultural electrical traction systems, they are ...
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